CNC Machining Basics
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining uses software-controlled machine tools to cut metal and plastic into precise shapes. It is the backbone of modern manufacturing, delivering repeatable accuracy for prototypes and production alike.
What is G-Code?
G-code is the programming language that tells a CNC machine how to move. Each line of G-code specifies a movement, speed or tool action. CAM software converts your 3D model into G-code automatically.
Understanding Tolerances
Tolerance is the allowed variation in a dimension. A part specified as 10mm ±0.05mm can measure anywhere from 9.95mm to 10.05mm. Tighter tolerances cost more, so specify them only where they matter.
| Tolerance | Typical Use |
|---|---|
| ±0.1 mm | General features |
| ±0.05 mm | Mating features |
| ±0.01 mm | Precision features |
| ±0.005 mm | High-precision, 5-axis |
Surface Finish Basics
Machined surfaces show fine tool marks by default. Common finishes include anodizing, bead blasting, polishing, powder coating and plating, each adding appearance, corrosion resistance or both.
Choosing the Right Material
- Aluminum for lightweight, cost-effective parts.
- Stainless steel for corrosion resistance and strength.
- Titanium for the best strength-to-weight ratio.
- Plastics for low friction and insulation.
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